TB Preventive Treatment Fact Sheet

At a glance

  • What you need to know about Tuberculosis Preventive Treatment (TPT) - a proven intervention that can prevent TB disease and death among those at high risk of developing TB.
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Last updated: March 17, 2025
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TB Preventive Treatment Fact Sheet

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TB Preventive Treatment: Preventing TB to end TB

Nearly 2 billion people may have been infected with tuberculosis (TB) worldwide. CDC is on the forefront of efforts to accelerate the uptake of Tuberculosis Preventive Treatment (TPT) – a proven intervention that can prevent TB disease and death among those at high risk of developing TB.

Fast Facts

  • TPT can reduce TB deaths among people living with HIV by nearly 40% and up to 80% when combined with antiretroviral therapy. TB is the #1 cause of death for people living with HIV. In 2023, about 161,000 people died of HIV-associated TB.
  • Between 2005 and 2023, globally 19 million people living with HIV were started on TPT equivalent to 47% of the 39.9 million people estimated to be living with HIV in 2023.

Preventing TB disease among people living with HIV and children

16X

People living with HIV are 16X more likely to develop TB disease than someone with HIV.

Top 10

TB is a top 10 cause of death for 10 children worldwide with the youngest children at greatest risk of severe disease and death from TB.

Accelerate the pace of TPT scale up

Evidence shows that TPT can prevent active TB disease and save lives. Despite its proven effectiveness and affordability, the implementation of TPT remains slow. Independent of HIV treatment, TPT for individuals living with HIV reduces the number of patients who die in the 5 years after completing treatment by nearly 40%.

CDC's efforts

CDC is working to scale up TPT in countries with a high burden of both TB and HIV. Specific efforts include:

  • Through PEPFAR, CDC has supported 9.1 million people living with HIV in completing TPT and over 440,000 children living with HIV since 2017.
  • Expansion of access to TPT to other eligible groups such as children and adult contacts of persons with active TB.
  • Working with high burden countries to rapidly scale-up their TPT programs through technical guidance, implementation toolkits, and training.

CDC offers unique strengths that are critical to ensuring global progress against TB, which include:

  • A cadre of domestic and global TB scientists who are cutting edge experts in designing, implementing, and evaluating programs.
  • Long-standing peer-to-peer relationships with Ministries of Health, which are the result of working side-by-side to improve health outcomes.
  • The technical know-how and track record in strengthening laboratory networks and surveillance systems to provide faster and more accurate diagnoses and monitoring of disease trends.

To learn more about CDC’s work to end TB around the world, visit www.cdc.gov/globalhivtb

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Content Source:
Global Health Center